Java...Sun Microsystems in 1991 funded an internal corporate research project led by James Gosling, which resulted in the C++-based object-oriented programming language called Java. A key goal of Java is to be able to write programs that will run on a great variety of computer systems and computer-control devices. This is sometimes called “write once, run anywhere.” Java is used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the functionality of web servers (the computers that provide the content we see in our web browsers), to provide applications for consumer devices (e.g., smartphones, television set-top boxes and more) and for many other purposes.
C...C was implemented in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. It initially became widely known as the UNIX operating system’s development language. Today, most of the code for general purpose operating systems is written in C or C++.
Fortran... Fortran (FORmula TRANslator) was developed by IBM Corporation in the mid-1950 s to be used for scientific and engineering applications that require complex mathematical computations. It’s still widely used and its latest versions support object-oriented programming.
COBOL...COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language) was developed in the late 1950s by computer manufacturers, the U.S. government and industrial computer users based on a language developed by Grace Hopper, a career U.S. Navy officer and computer scientist. COBOL is still widely used for commercial applications that require precise and efficient manipulation of large amounts of data. Its latest version supports object-oriented programming.
Pascal...Research in the 1960s resulted in structured programming—a disciplined
approach to writing programs that are clearer, easier to test and debug and easier to modify than large programs produced with previous techniques. One of the more tangible results of this research was the development of Pascal by Professor Niklaus Wirth in 1971. It was designed for teaching structured programming and was popular in college courses for several decades.
C++ Programming:-
C++ is an object oriented programming (OOP) language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, and is an extension of C language. It is therefore possible to code C++ in a "C style" or "object-oriented style."
Compiler Translate high-level language to machine language. Check that the program obeys the rules. The original program in a high level language is called source code. The translated version in machine language is called objective code.
Some programs we use are already compiled. Their object code is available for us to use. For example: Input and output Routines.
A Linker combines the object code for the programs we write, the object code for the pre-compiled routines (of SDK), the machine language program the CPU can run.Loader loads executable program into main memory. The last step is to execute the program.
C++ is a free-format language, which means that:
Extra blanks (spaces) or tabs before or after identifiers/operators are ignored.
Blank lines are ignored by the compiler just like comments.
Code can be indented in any way.
There can be more than one statement on a single line.
A single statement can continue over several lines.
A debugger allows a programmer to more easily trace a program’s execution in order to locate and correct errors in the program’s implementation. With a debugger, a developer can simultaneously run a program and see which line in the source code is responsible for the program’s current actions. The programmer can watch the values of variables and other program elements to see if their values change as expected. Debuggers are valuable for locating errors (also called bugs) and repairing programs that contain errors.
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